Geonoma macrostachys Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 19 (1823)

Primary tabs

https://media.e-taxonomy.eu/palmae/photos/palm_tc_89446_1.jpg

Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)
Brazil North present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Colombia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Ecuador present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Peru present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
Venezuela present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)B
From 2°45'N-17°50'S and 55°00-78°30'W in the western Amazon region in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil at 443(75-1800) m elevation in lowland or montane rainforest.
(Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.)A

Discussion

  • Taxonomic notes:Geonoma macrostachys is the most variable species in the whole genus, and most difficult taxonomically. It has been dealt with differently by both Wessels Boer (1968) and Henderson et al. (1995). However, no satisfactory treatment is possible based on herbarium specimens because variation is so complex and there is little geographic disjunction. This is discussed in some detail in the section on Infraspecific Variation. In this treatment a broad approach is taken and only one species recognized with various morphotypes, as discussed below.

    Subspecific variation:Five traits vary within this species (stem branching, leaf division, adaxial veins, petals, locular epidermis sculpting). Excluding two of these (stem branching, leaf division), and one for which there are few data (locular epidermis sculpting), the state combinations of the other two traits (adaxial veins, petals) divide the species into three subgroups (raised veins/non-exerted petals; non-raised veins/non-exerted petals; non-raised veins/exerted petals). There is no geographic discontinuity between any of these trait subgroups. Geonoma macrostachys is distributed widely in the central and western Amazon region. These three subgroups are not consistent. Within each there is much quantitative variation such that there are no clearly defined subgroups. Furthermore, there is unexplained variation in staminate flowers. All specimens with staminate flowers are scored as having the thecae inserted onto poorly to well-developed, non-split, jointed connectives, when well-developed the connectives alternately long and short. However, there appear to be two different kinds of connective, poorly-developed and well-developed, and these two can occur together at the same locality. For example, in Ecuador (Napo), on eastern Andean slopes at 1200 m near the Río Guamaní, Neill 8073 has poorly-developed connectives and occurs near to, and is apparently identical with Neill 8622, which has well-developed connectives. In Peru (Madre de Dios) at low elevations in Amazon forests near Puerto Maldonado, Gentry 68666 has poorly-developed connectives, and is apparently identical with Timana 1588 which has well-developed connectives. Lacking staminate flowers, it is not possible to distinguish two kinds of connective. This problem cannot be solved with the material available. Although G. macrostachys is extremely variable, a number of morphotypes can be distinguished. In the western Amazon region in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil, with an outlying population in southern Peru, there is a morphotype (macrostachys) with usually undivided leaves, non-raised veins, and 1(1-4) pinnae with narrow basal angles of 10(3-40)°. Staminate flowers have well-developed connectives, jointed at the apices of the filament, and alternately long and short. Specimens of this morphotype lacking staminate flowers and having undivided leaves are difficult to distinguish from other morphotypes (e.g., atrovirens). One specimen (Díaz 7058) from Peru has an exceptionally long interbract distance of 22.6 cm, and the prophyll is longer than the peduncular bract. The mean interbract distance of macrostachys without this specimen is 0.6 cm and the prophyll is always shorter than the peduncular bract. Specimens from Amazonas in Peru are particularly variable. Some specimens have wider leaves and almost sigmoid venation and others have unusually large leaves. The type of G. macrostachys is of this morphotype. In the western and central Amazon region in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil there is a morphotype (acaulis) having pinnate leaves, non-raised adaxial veins, 5(3-9) pinnae with wide basal angles of 61(40-90)°, and staminate flowers with poorly developed connectives. All the specimens assigned to this morphotype have staminate flowers, but there are similar specimens, lacking staminate flowers, that are assigned to the tapajotensis morphotype (see below). One acaulis specimen (Balick 1140) from northwest of Iquitos has pinnae with raised veins. This occurs in an area without other acaulis but in which G. brongniartii is abundant. The types of G. acaulis and G. ecuadoriensis are of the acaulis morphotype. The original description and illustration of G. acaulis by Martius (1823) showed staminate flowers with poorly-developed connectives. However, the illustration in Drude (1882), presumably using a different specimen (possibly a Trail specimen) than that of Martius (1823), shows the staminate flowers with well-developed, non-split connectives, these jointed at the apices of the filament. Because of this, Geonoma acaulis was subsequently interpreted as having 'Taenianthera-type' staminate flowers with well-developed connectives (Wessels Boer, 1968; Henderson, 1995; Borchsenius et al., 2001). In the western and central Amazon region in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, with an outlying population in Bolivia, there is a morphotype (tapajotensis) that is similar to the acaulis morphotype in its pinnate leaves with non-raised veins and 4(2-10) pinnae with wide basal angles of 58(27-100)°, but has well-developed connectives. The types of G. acaulis subsp. tapajotensis and Taenianthera oligosticha are of this morphotype. Some specimens (large-size morphotype), similar to the tapajotensis morphotype, from central Peru and Brazil (Acre), are larger in size but overlap with normal-sized specimens. They have pinnate leaves with nonraised veins, 4(3-9) pinnae with wide basal angles of 51(20-77)°, and well-developed connectives. They are extremely variable and some, apart from their non-raised veins, resemble the large-raised morphotype (see below). These large-size specimens occur sympatrically with large size specimens of G. brongniartii. In the western Amazon region of Ecuador and adjacent Peru and Colombia there is a morphotype (atrovirens) with undivided leaves with non-raised veins with narrow basal angles of 7(5-10)°. On specimen labels the leaves are reported to be dark green or 'black-green'. Connectives are almost intermediate between well-developed and poorly-developed ones. However, two, outlying specimens from Colombia (Galeano 1887, 2096) have poorly-developed connectives. Without staminate flowers it is difficult to distinguish this morphotype from the morphotypes macrostachys or tamandua. The type of G. atrovirens is of this morphotype. In the western Amazon region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil there is a morphotype (tamandua) with exceptionally long rachis and undivided leaves with non-raised veins with narrow basal angles of 7(3-17)°. The leaves are described on labels as dark green, blue green, 'almost black', 'nearly black', or 'dark black-green'. In leaf color this morphotype resembles the atrovirens morphotype, but has well-developed connectives. Specimens come from two areas-Ecuador and adjacent Colombia, and Peru and Brazil. There is no difference between these two populations except that specimens from Ecuador and adjacent Colombia have wider rachillae. The type of G. tamandua is of this morphotype. In the western Amazon region of Ecuador and Peru there is a morphotype (supracostata) having undivided or pinnate leaves with raised adaxial veins and 2(1-4) pinnae with wide basal angles of 26(10-48)°. Staminate flowers have well-developed connectives. The type of G. supracostata is of this morphotype. In the western Amazon region of Ecuador and Peru there is a morphotype (large-raised) with usually divided leaves with raised adaxial veins and 7(1-16) pinnae and narrow basal pinna angles of 10(9-12)°. Staminate flowers have well-developed connectives. Specimens of this morphotype lacking staminate flowers and/or fruits are difficult to distinguish from specimens of G. multisecta and G. schizocarpa. In the Peruvian Amazon and adjacent parts of Colombia there is a morphotype (grandiflora) with nonraised adaxial veins, 4(3-7) pinnae per side of the rachis, and wide basal angles of 66(44-90)°. The staminate and pistillate petals are emergent and valvate throughout at anthesis, and they tend to be larger than those of other specimens. The proximal lip of the flower pit is also more pronounced. One specimen (Gentry 54536) has 11 stamens. (Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.)A

Description

  • Plants 1.3(0.3-3.5) m tall; stems 0.3(0.1-1.0) m tall, 1.9(1.1-2.8) cm in diameter, solitary or clustered, not cane-like; internodes 0.2(0.1-0.4) cm long, not scaly. Leaves 9(3-15) per stem, undivided or irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of blades running diagonally into the rachis; sheaths 13.2(2.3-28.0) cm long; petioles 35.5(0.0-137.5) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 46.1(9.3-193.0) cm long, 3.7(1.3-9.8) mm in diameter; veins raised and rectangular in cross-section adaxially or not raised or slightly raised and triangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 3(1-16) per side of rachis; basal pinna 24.5(11.0-70.0) cm long, 4.4(0.3-32.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 39(3-100)° with the rachis; apical pinna 20.8(7.2-44.5) cm long, 8.8(1.4-28.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 31(8-77)° with the rachis. Inflorescences unbranched; prophylls and peduncular bracts ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, both bracts tubular, narrow, elongate, closely sheathing the peduncle, more or less persistent; prophylls 13.0(5.0-33.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces not ridged, without unequally wide ridges; peduncular bracts 23.2(10.7-34.5) cm long, well-developed, inserted 1.1(0.1-22.6) cm above the prophyll; peduncles 59.2(19.2-128.5) cm long, 2.9(0.7-6.8) mm in diameter; rachillae 1, 14.1(4.2-31.0) cm long, 5.87(1.7-12.3) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown or yellow-brown, without short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, glabrous internally; proximal lips with a central notch before anthesis, often the two sides of the notch overlapping, not recurved after anthesis, not hood-shaped; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lipmargins; distal lips well-developed; staminate and pistillate petals emergent, valvate throughout or not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging or not diverging at anthesis, inserted onto poorly to well-developed, non-split, jointed connectives, connectives when well-developed alternately long and short; anthers short at anthesis, remaining straight and parallel; non-fertilized pistillate flowers deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes lobed at the apex, the lobes spreading at anthesis, acuminate, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis; fruits 8.9(6.2-13.7) mm long, 6.5(4.7-9.8) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the apices not conical, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, bumpy from the numerous, subepidermal, tangential, short fibers present, these coming to a point at fruit apices; locular epidermis with operculum, smooth or sculpted and then usually also with a raised, meridional ridge, without pores. (Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.)A

Use Record

  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Construcción de casas, comestible. (Albán, J. 1994: La mujer y las plantas útiles silvestres en la comunidad Cocama-Cocamilla de los ríos Samiria y Marañon.)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Human FoodFoodNot specifiedIndigenousCocamaPeru
    ConstructionHousesNot specifiedIndigenousCocamaPeru
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Envueltos. Hoja. Techado. Hoja. (Cerón, C.E., C. Montalvo, C.I. Reyes, and, D. Andi 2005: Etnobotánica Quichua Limoncocha, Sucumbíos-Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Forrar capillejos, Afilar muela de majás. (Romanoff, S., D. Manquid, F. Shoque, and D.W. Fleck 2004: La vida tradicional de los Matsés)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsLabour toolsNot specifiedIndigenousMatsésPeru
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousMatsésPeru
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Geonoma macrostachys Mart. var. acaulis (Mart.) A.J.Hend. Español: Yarinilla, Palmiche, Ponilla Usos: Medicinal y cosmético — La raíz es utilizada para el cuidado del cabello; utilizan un cocimiento de las hojas para bañarse; las flores sirven contra la fiebre y vómitos. Construcción — Ocasionalmente las hojas son utilizadas en la construcción de los techos para las viviendas. Comunidad: 3, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 21, 26–30. Voucher: H. Balslev 6590. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Medicinal and VeterinaryDigestive systemFlowerNot identifiedN/APeru
    CulturalCosmeticsRootNot identifiedN/APeru
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
    Medicinal and VeterinaryNot specifiedFlowerNot identifiedN/APeru
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Geonoma macrostachys Mart. var. macrostachys Español: Calzón panga Usos: Medicinal y cosmético — Una infusión de los pecíolos es utilizada para aliviar dolores menstruales. Construcción — Ocasionalmente las hojas son utilizadas en la construcción de los techos para las viviendas. Alimenticio — Ocasionalmente se utilizan las hojas para envolver pescado. Comunidad: 7, 11, 12, 24. Voucher: H. Balslev 7099. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
    Medicinal and VeterinaryReproductive system and sexual healthPetioleNot identifiedN/APeru
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Geonoma macrostachys Mart. Vernacular names: Mo, mo bengana. Vouchers: Macía et al. #468; Macía et al. #726; Macía et al. #728. Uses. CO: Leaves are used for high-quality thatch in traditional houses. CU: Leaves to make ‘spears’ for their dances and rituals at traditional feasts. D: Leaves are used for packing, as temporary umbrellas, seats and beds in the forest, as a tablecloth, napkin, funnel to prepare curare and to cover hunted meat. Note: There are two varieties: G. macrostachys var. acaulis (Macía et al. #1561) and G. macrostachys var. macrostachys (vouchers cited above) have the same uses. (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    CulturalRitualEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Iriartea deltoidea "tepa, yarenga", Prestoea acuminata "guimawe" Geonoma macrostachys "mo", cuyo fruto consumen las personas, mamíferos y aves, además de que las hojas de las especies se tejen para la construcción de techos de las casas. El fuste de estas palmeras se utiliza artesanalmente para la elaboración de lanzas y cerbatanas. (Freire, B.H. 2006: Ethnobotany of the Huaorani communities in the Ecuadorian Northwest)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Animal FoodWildlife attractantFruitsIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Human FoodFoodFruitsIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsHunting and fishingStemIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: La cubierta es por ejemplo de la hoja de chonta (Bomboje): otros materiales son las hojas de cofage (Geonoma macrostachys), shishije ("yarina", Phytelephas microcarpa R y P) o (...). (Einzmann, H. 1988: Artesanía indígena del Ecuador: los Cofanes)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas se usa para techar viviendas; también se usa como paraguas para escampar cuando llueve en el bosque; las hojas tiernas (cogollo) se usan como adorno masculino; se ponen en el hombro y brazo andando por el bosque, entonces sale el tigre. (Cerón, C.E., C.G. Montalvo, J. Umenda et al. 1994: Etnobotánica y notas sobre la diversidad vegetal en la comunidad Cofán de Sinangüé, Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    CulturalPersonal adornmentSpear leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas se usan para techar viviendas. Las hojas se usan para hacer envueltos, maytos, guardar chicha, peces, etc. Las hojas se usan como paraguas, cuando llueve se amarran las hojas al fuste de un árbol y se escampa. (Cerón, C.E., and C.G. Montalvo 1998: Etnobotánica de los Huaorani de Quehueiri-Ono, Napo-Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas se usan para techar viviendas; como paraguas cuando llueve en el bosque; se usa también para hacer paquetes de carne del monte; corteza o tronco medicinal para trasladar del bosque a las viviendas. (Cerón, C.E., C.G. Montalvo, J. Umenda et al. 1994: Etnobotánica y notas sobre la diversidad vegetal en la comunidad Cofán de Sinangüé, Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersNot specifiedIndigenousCofánEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersNot specifiedIndigenousCofánEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsDomesticEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas se utilizan para construir los techos de las viviendas tradicionales. Según los indígenas es la palma más resistente y puede durar de siete a diez años. Su obtención y construcción es muy laboriosa. Las hojas de esta palma también se utilizan como protección en el translado de plantas medicinales, frutos, carne, etc., desde el bosque primario hasta sus viviendas. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousCofánEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas se utilizan para cubrir techos de las viviendas. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas son ocasionalmente usadas para techado. (Moraes, M. 1991: Contribución al estudio del ciclo biológico de la palma Copernicia alba en un área ganadera (Espíritu, Beni, Bolivia))
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/ABolivia
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas son usadas para hacer techos de las casas. (Balslev, H., M. Rios, G. Quezada and B. Nantipa 1997: Palmas útiles en la cordillera de los Huacamayos)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Las hojas, aunque son reputadas como de buena calidad, sólo ocasionalmente son utilizadas para techar las viviendas, y se dice que pueden durar hasta 4 años en buen estado. (Galeano, G. 1992: Las palmas de la región de Araracuara)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/AColombia
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Leaves are used (...) to cover freshly hunted meat. The palm heart is used to kill witches: to make the poison, the palm heart is boiled along with other plants and hair and nails from the person killed by the whitch. (Borchsenius F., Borgtoft-Pedersen H. and Baslev H. 1998. Manual to the Palms of Ecuador. AAU Reports 37. Department of Systematic Botany, University of Aarhus, Denmark in collaboration with Pontificia Universidad Catalica del Ecuador)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    CulturalRitualPalm heartIndigenousSecoyaEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousSionaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Leaves used for thatch on traditional houses. (Báez, S., and Å. Backevall 1998: Dictionary of plants used by the Shuar of Makuma and Mutints)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousShuarEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Leaves used for thatch. Edible fruits. (Báez, S. 1998: Dictionary of plants used by the Canelos-Quichua)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Human FoodFoodFruitsIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousQuichuaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Sirve para hacer sal vegetal para ambíl.(...). Ambas para sacar hormigas comestibles. (Kronik, J. et al. 1999: Fééjahisuu. Palmas de los Nietos de la Tierra y Montaña Verde del Centro)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    CulturalRecreationalNot specifiedIndigenousMuinaneColombia
    Utensils and ToolsHunting and fishingNot specifiedIndigenousMuinaneColombia
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Techado. Hoja. (Cerón, C.E., A. Payaguaje, D. Payaguaje et al. 2005: Etnobotánica Secoya)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousSecoyaEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: Techado. Hoja. Atados. Hoja. (Cerón, C.E., and C. Montalvo 2000: Reserva Biológica Limoncocha. Formaciones vegetales, Diversidad y Etnobotánica.)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Geonoma macrostachys Mart.: The roof is thatched with an outer layer of large palm leaves (mainly Attalea butyracea, Oenocarpus bataua, or Phytelephas tenuicaulis) and an inner layer of smaller palm leaves. G. macrostachys is the species most used for this inner thatch, but other Geonoma spp. Are used when there is shortage of G. macrostachys leaves (…). (Svenning, J.C., and M.J. Macía 2002: Harvesting of Geonoma macrostachys Mart. leaves for thatch: an exploration of sustainability)
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafIndigenousHuaoraniEcuador
  • Geonoma tamandua Trail: Construcción, cacería. Las hojas (Moyabo) sirven para cubrir el interior del techo de las casas o bohíos Huaorani. Además las hojas de Mo son muy útiles cuando se necesita transportar y envolver la chicha, el pescado o las aves. Si se combinan las hojas de Oyuncawe con las de Mo se hace un envoltorio para la chicha (…). Las hojas de Mo también se utilizan en la elaboración del Oome: el bejuco se raspa sobre el Moyabo. (Mondragón, M.L., and R. Smith 1997: Bete Quiwiguimamo. Salvando el bosque para vivir sano (as Geonoma tamandua Trail))
  • Geonoma atrovirens Borchs. & Balslev: Geonoma atrovirens Borchs. & Balslev Español: Calzón panga Usos: Construcción — No es muy común pero en algunos casos usan las hojas para techos. Herramientas y utensilios — Las hojas tiernas ocasionalmente son utilizadas en canastos de rápida fabricación. Alimenticio — Las hojas sirven para envolver pescado y otros alimentos Comunidad: 2, 7, 9, 12, 13, 20, 22–25. Voucher: H. Balslev 7405. (Balslev, H., C. Grandez, et al. 2008: Useful palms (Arecaceae) near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon (as Geonoma atrovirens Borchs. & Balslev))
    Use CategoryUse Sub CategoryPlant PartHuman GroupEthnic GroupCountry
    Utensils and ToolsWrappersEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
    ConstructionThatchEntire leafNot identifiedN/APeru
  • Geonoma tamandua Trail: Las hojas se usan para techar las viviendas; según los cofanes es la más durable entre las palmas; suele pasar de los 20 años de duracción; también se usa para hacer paquetes de carne u otra cosa que se necesite trasladar desde el bosque. (Cerón, C.E., C.G. Montalvo, J. Umenda et al. 1994: Etnobotánica y notas sobre la diversidad vegetal en la comunidad Cofán de Sinangüé, Sucumbíos, Ecuador (as Geonoma tamandua Trail))

Bibliography

    A. Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.
    B. World Checklist of Arecaceae