Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. : 301 (1798)

https://media.e-taxonomy.eu/palmae/photos/palm_tc_155974_2.jpg

Content

Distribution

Map uses TDWG level 3 distributions (https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd)

Bolivia present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)A

Brazil North present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)A

Peru present (World Checklist of Arecaceae)A

Use Record

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: (Yaguas) En los sitios donde no existe cocamero, como en la región de Pebas que visité, construyen expresamente para esa festividad una choza hecha de palmas trenzadas (Phitelephas macrocarpa). (Girard, R. 1958: Indios Selváticos de la Amazonia Peruana)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Indigenous Yagua Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Yagua	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Alimentación humana. Semilla (endospermo). Consumido cuando inmaduro; en estado líquido-viscoso. Alimentación humana. Fruto (mesocarpo). Consumido antes de la maduración. Comercial. Semilla. Elaboración de anillos. Construcción. Hoja. Techado de viviendas. Se elimina la parte basal, últimos 3-4 pares de pinnas. Se secan y cortan transversalmente por el ráquis. Atadas en grupos de 6 se disponen en el techo. Se colocan con el haz hacia arriba. Construcción. Hoja. Techado de campamentos temporales. Herr. para caza y pesca. Hoja. Elaboración de trampas para caza y pesca tejiendo las pinnas. (Armesilla, P.J. 2006: Usos de las palmeras (Arecaceae),en la Reserva de la Biosfera-Tierra Comunitaria de Orígen Pilón Lajas, (Bolivia))

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Comestible, construcción, herrramientas. Los frutos son comestibles: contienen agua para beber (Omakabupe) y una pulpa gelatinosa (Omakai) cuando no están maduros. Una vez que los frutos son más maduros, en el interior se endurece formando una nuez dura y blanca que se utiliza en artesanía. La nuez es reconocida en muchos lugares y se le denomina marfil vegetal. El tronco se utiliza e la construcción de casas. Con pedazos del tallo se elaboran como agujas para tejer las shigras. (Mondragón, M.L., and R. Smith 1997: Bete Quiwiguimamo. Salvando el bosque para vivir sano)

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Comestible, medicinal, artesanal. (...). Madera para parquet. (...). Cultivada. (Albán, J. 1994: La mujer y las plantas útiles silvestres en la comunidad Cocama-Cocamilla de los ríos Samiria y Marañon.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Other	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Not specified at all	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Construction	Houses	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Cocama	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Comestible. Semilla. El endospermo inmaduro es consumido Otros usos. Semilla. Hacen dados para jugar, dentaduras. Construcción. Hoja. Techado de viviendas Comercial. Semilla. Anillos, otras artesanías Utensilios y herr. uso doméstico. Hoja. Se elaboran canastas, coladores. (Macía, M.J. 2004: Multiplicity in palm uses by the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Cultural	Recreational	Seeds	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Medicinal and Veterinary	Dental health	Seeds	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Construcción de viviendas. (...). Producto empleado en la alimentación. Frutales y otros vegetales. (Huertas, B. 2007: Nuestro territorio Kampu Piyawi (Shawi))
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Houses Not specified Indigenous Shawi Peru
Human Food Food Not specified Indigenous Shawi Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Edible inmature endocarp. (Shepard, G.H., D.W. Yu, M. Lizarralde, et al. 2001: Rain forest habitat classification among the Matsigenka of the Peruvian Amazon)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Matsigenka Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Not specified	Indigenous	Shawi	Peru
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Indigenous	Shawi	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Matsigenka	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: El endosperma de los frutos inmaduros es comestible. Las hojas son ocasionalmente tejidas para techado y para canastos. (Moraes, M. 1991: Contribución al estudio del ciclo biológico de la palma Copernicia alba en un área ganadera (Espíritu, Beni, Bolivia))

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: El Jochi pintado y el Jochi colorado comen su fruta. Nosotros utilizamos la hoja de marfil para cubrir los techos de las casas, No se necesita tejer la hoja, entonces es rápido. (Langevin, M. 2002: Mapajo. Nuestra selva y cultura.)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Indigenous Tsimane/Mosetene Bolivia
Animal Food Wildlife attractant Fruits Indigenous Tsimane/Mosetene Bolivia
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Endospermo. Fresco. (Mendoza, P. 1994: Identificación de los frutos comestibles silvestres recolectados por los indígenas Huaorani de la comunidad de Toñiampari en la Amazonía del Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Seeds Indigenous Huaorani Ecuador

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia
Animal Food	Wildlife attractant	Fruits	Indigenous	Tsimane/Mosetene	Bolivia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Esta palmera silvestre madura entre octubre y noviembre. Los tacana comen las frutas crudas; de las semillas en ocasiones hacen anillos, y las palmas sirven para cubrir los techos. (Hissink, K., and A. Hahn 2000: Los Tacana- datos sobre la historia de su civilización)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Indigenous	Tacana	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Food. Construction. Commerce. (…). Other construction materials include roof thatch produced from Phytelephas macrocarpa and Scheelea sp. (Palmae) and flooring from Iriartea deltoidea and Socratea exorrhiza (Palmae). (Pinedo-Vasquez, M., D. Zarin, P. Jipp, et al. 1990: Use-Values of Tree Species in a Communal Forest Reserve in Northeast Peru)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Other N/A Not specified Mestizo N/A Peru
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Mestizo N/A Peru
Human Food Food Not specified Not identified N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Other	N/A	Not specified	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Fruit. Thatch. Others. Rituals. (Moraes, M., J. Sarmiento,and E. Oviedo 1995: Richness and uses in a diverse palm site in Bolivia)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Cultural	Ritual	Not specified	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Frutal silvestre. (Tournon, J. 2006: Las Plantas, los Rao y sus espíritus ( Etnobotánica del Ucayali))
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Shipibo-Conibo Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Shipibo-Conibo	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: It has a brown, woody basal fruit (wamomo) with a delicious white, fleshy pulp much esteemed by the Indians. The stem (wamoncagi) is for crowns and improvised darts, the leaf (wamonta) for baskets, and the fibre (wamongi) for brooms, torches, fire starters or blowgun bore-cleaner. (Davis, E.W., and J.A. Yost 1983: The ethnobotany of the Waorani of eastern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Cultural	Personal adornment	Stem	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador
Fuel	Fire starter	Leaf sheath	Indigenous	Huaorani	Ecuador

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: It is widely used for thatch, ando to a lesser extent for its fruits and nuts. (…). (…), the fruits thus serve as an emergency water supply in the forest. (…). Fruits with liquid or jelly embryos are sold in street markets, such as in Iquitos. Given the subsistence and market value of yarina fruits, as well as the durable fronds for covering houses, it is not surprising that some families plant the palm in their backyards, (…).Some farmers also plant yarina in their fields (…). (Smith, N., R. Vásquez, and W. H. Wust 2007: Amazon river fruits. Flavors for Conservation)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Las hojas maduras se usan para techar casas, mientras que las hojas tiernas y el endospermo inmaduro son comestibles. (Vásquez, M., and J. B. Vásquez 1998: La extraccíon de productos forestales diferentes de la madera en el ambito de Iquitos-Perú)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Beverages	Palm heart	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Las hojas se usan para confeccionar los techos de las viviendas tradicionales de los cofanes. Los frutos son comestibles. (Cerón, C.E. 1995: Etnobiología de los Cofanes de Dureno, provincia de Sucumbíos, Ecuador)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Indigenous Cofán Ecuador
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Indigenous Cofán Ecuador
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Las hojas se utilizan para techar. Los frutos inmaduros, conocidos como "choclo", son comestibles; el endosperma líquido o "leche" es una bebida común, el cual adquiere una consistencia gelatinosa al ser cocido. (Chávez, F. 1996: Estudio preliminar de la familia Arecaceae (Palmae) en el Parque Nacional del Manu (Pakitza y Cocha Cashu))
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Human Food Food Seeds Not identified N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Cofán	Ecuador

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Las semillas de Astrocaryum murumuru y Phytelephas macrocarpa (marfil) son utilizadas para la fabricación de anillos y artesanías que son comercializadas localmente. (Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. 2001: Guía de plantas útiles de la comunidad de San José de Uchupiamonas)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Los pobladores locales reportaron la fabricación de piezas dentales con la semilla de esta especie (...) (Gutiérrez-Vásquez, C.A. and R. Peralta 2001: Palmas comunes de Pando, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Medicinal and Veterinary Dental health Seeds Not identified N/A Bolivia

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Medicinal and Veterinary	Dental health	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Ocasionalmente las hojas de Marfil son utilizadas para la construcción de techos.(...). Las hojas tiernas se pueden trenzar para la fabricación de sombreros.(...). Los frutos de la palma son utilizados en la realización de dijes y anillos artesanalmente. (Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. 2001: Guía de plantas útiles de la comunidad de San José de Uchupiamonas)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Fruits	Indigenous	Quechua/Tacana	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Palmera cuyas hojas se utilizan para el techado de chozas y tambos. Su fruto es muy agradable cuando está tierno; parecido a una especie de nuez, cuabierto con una cáscara muy dura y áspera. Dentro de esta cobertura exterior hay varias semillas que cuando están maduros se convierten en un verdadero marfil vegetal conocido como "tagua". Se emplea en la fabricación de botones, estatuillas, etc. (Barriga, R. 1994: Plantas útiles de la Amazonia Peruana: características, usos y posibilidades.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Environmental	Ornamental	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Pese a su escasez, es muy buscada y utilizada para techados. (…). El fruto se come directamente. (…). Las hojas se utilizan ocasionalmente para realizar canastas improvisadas, como las del majo. Las duras semillas blanco marfil que dan el nombre a la palma se usan algunas veces para tallar anillos o piezas para jugar a las tabas. (...). (Techado). El cuarto método no emplea jatata. Dos hojas de motacú o palma marfil, que son pinnadas, se superponen a lo largo del raquis de forma que las pinnas se doblen hacia atrás unas sobre otras como las alas de una mariposa al cerrarse. (Proctor, P., J. Pelham, B. Baum, C. Ely, M.A. Rogríguez-Girones 1992: Expedición de la Universidad de Oxford a Bolivia. Investigación etnobotánica de las Palmae en el noroeste del departamento de Pando. 25 junio-7 de septiembre de 1992. Informe final: Sección B.)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Cultural	Recreational	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Cultural	Personal adornment	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Phytelephas macrocarpa continues to be of very minor importance in the Iquitos area because the green fruits are edible. (...). Only a few sellers in the Iquitos market carry the green fruits. (Johnson, D. 1975: Some palm products of the Peruvian Amazon)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Not identified N/A Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Presente en chacras. (...). Productos comercializados. (Van der Linden, M., and R. López 1990: Utilización de palmeras amazónicas en el nororiente peruano.)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Other N/A Not specified Indigenous Not specified Peru
Environmental Agroforestry Entire plant Indigenous Not specified Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Probables efectos hipoglicemiantes. Ingerir 1kilo de frutos "pintones" (antes que maduren). (Silva, H., and J. García 1997: La Medicina Tradicional en Loreto)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Medicinal and Veterinary Endocrine system Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Roof. Leaf. (Kvist, L., M.K. Andersen, J. Stagegaard, M. Hesselsoe, and C. Llapapasca 2001: Extraction from woody plants in flood plain communities in Amazonian Peru: use, choice, evaluation and conservation status of resoruces)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Mestizo N/A Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Se consume el endosperma inmaturo. (Mejía, K. 1992: Las palmeras en los mercados de Iquitos)
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Seeds and "milk". (Vasquez, R., and A.H. Gentry 1989: Use and misuse of forest-harvested fruits in the Iquitos area)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Seeds Not identified N/A Peru
Human Food Food Seeds Not identified N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Other	N/A	Not specified	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru
Environmental	Agroforestry	Entire plant	Indigenous	Not specified	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Medicinal and Veterinary	Endocrine system	Fruits	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Sus hojas se usan para techumbre de casas, ya sea tejidas en "crisnejas" o en "cumbreras" para cubrir la parte más alta. El endosperma inmaturo y líquido de las semillas se aprovecha mucho como refrescante y por tener propiedades medicinales para controlar la diabetes. Cuando maduro, el endospermo se endurece mucho, conociéndose entonces como "marfil vegetal" del que se hacen figuritas y tallas artísticas. (Mejía, K.M. 1983: Palmeras y el selvícola amazónico)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Environmental	Ornamental	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Medicinal and Veterinary	Endocrine system	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Sus hojas son utilizadas para techar cabañas precarias y rústicas. (Moreno Suárez, L., and O.I. Moreno Suárez 2006: Colecciones de las palmeras de Bolivia)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Houses	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Stem	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Bolivia

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Techado de viviendas. Uso alimenticio. (Román, F.J. 2002: Especies forestales utilizadas en la construcción de la vivienda tradicional asháninka en el ámbito del Río Perené (Junín, Perú))
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Not specified Indigenous Asháninka Peru
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Indigenous Asháninka Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Thatching. Roof-trees. (…). Leaves from the three palm species Phytelephas macrocarpa, Scheelea cephalotes and S. plowmanii were applied for the roof-tree (Table 3). The most common species used in flood plain communities was S. cephalotes, while S. plowmanii was more frecuently used in the terra firme communities. (…). Roof tree/Weave. Leaf/fruit. (Stagegaard, J., M. Sørensen, and L.P. Kvist 2002: Estimations of the importance of plant resources extracted by inhabitants of the Peruvian Amazon flood plains)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Mestizo N/A Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Not specified	Indigenous	Asháninka	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Asháninka	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: The fruit is a minor source of vegetable ivory. Leaves are used for thatch. Fresh fruits are edible. Blowgun darts are made from the epidermis. (Bennett, B.C., M.A. Baker, and P. Gómez-Andrade 2002: Ethnobotany of the Shuar of Eastern Ecuador)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Hunting and fishing	Entire leaf	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Utensils and Tools	Other	Fruits	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Indigenous	Shuar	Ecuador

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: The green seed has a gelatinous center which is eaten by some natives. When the seed is ripe, the gelatinous center is hard (Fig.11) and can be carved into buttoms, needles, and many useful household tools. (Jordan, C.B. 1970: A study of germination and use in twelve palms of Northeastern Peru)

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Human Food	Food	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Cultural	Cloth and accessories	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru
Utensils and Tools	Domestic	Seeds	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Trunks. (Padoch, C., and W. De Jong 1989: Production and profit in agroforestry: an example from the Peruvian Amazon)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Other N/A Stem Mestizo N/A Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Uso común. (Bergman, R. 1980: Economia Amazonica)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Other N/A Not specified Indigenous Shipibo-Conibo Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Utilizada para el techado de infraestructuras comunales, sus hojas ocupan el segundo lugar en duración tras el Shebón. (Mendoza, D.E. and A. Panduro 2005: El tejido de las hojas de palmera en la vivienda amazónica)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Not identified N/A Peru
Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Yarina Phytelephas macrocarpa Fruit/thatch/nut (Coomes, O.T., and G.J. Burt 1997: Indigenous market-oriented agroforestry: dissecting local diversity in western Amazonia)
Use Category Use Sub Category Plant Part Human Group Ethnic Group Country
Other N/A Seeds Mestizo N/A Peru
Construction Thatch Entire leaf Mestizo N/A Peru
Human Food Food Fruits Mestizo N/A Peru
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: En quichua es la yarina, mococha, shipati, en español es la tagua o marfil vegetal; las hojas se utilizan para tejer la casa, mezclando con paja toquilla o lisan, los techos construídos de esta manera pueden durar hasta 20 años. (…). Es posible tomar el agua de los frutos cuando se tiene mucha sed en el bosque y no se ha llevado agua. (Ponce, M. 1992: Etnobotánica de palmas de Jatun Sacha (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Formerly the leaves were the principal source of thatch. They are still ocasionally used for entire roofs, but are commonly used now only on the ridgetop. A tray-like storage basket is made from the woody petiole. The fruits are eaten. (Bodley, J.H., and F.C. Benson 1979: Cultural ecology of Amazonian palms (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Fruit, endosperm. Thatching. (…). The immature endosperm of a number of palm fruits is eaten. Among these are: Astrocaryurn chambira Burret (Mejia 0097) or "chambira"; A. Jauari Mart. (Mejia 0095) or "huiririma"; A. huicungo Damm. Ex Burret (Mejia 0096) or "huicungo," and Phytelephas microcarpa R. and P. (Mejia 0069) or "yarina." The fruits of this last species are considered locally to be effective in the control of diabetes. .(…). The leaves of Jessenia bataua, Orbignya polysticha and Phytelephas macrocarpa are commonly employed to make temporary baskets known as "capillejos." These disposable, quickly made artifacts are used to cany wild game and other products from the forest. (…). The peak of the roof is covered by a woven section known as a "cumba," commonly rnade from the leaves of "catinna," Orbignya polysticha Burret (Mejia 0133) or Phytelephas microcarpa. (Mejía, K. 1992: Las palmeras en los mercados de Iquitos (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: La cubierta es por ejemplo de la hoja de chonta (Bomboje): otros materiales son las hojas de cofage ( Geonoma macrostachys), shishije ("yarina", Phytelephas microcarpa R y P) o (...). (Einzmann, H. 1988: Artesanía indígena del Ecuador: los Cofanes (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: La hoja se utiliza para elaborar el techo de las viviendas. El fruto tierno es comestible sin previa preparación. (Alarcón, R. 1988: Etnobotánica de los Quichuas de la Amazonia ecuatoriana (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Leaves used as thatch for roofs of Indian houses ( Scheelea sp., Geonoma spp., Phytelephas microcarpa, Iriartea deltoidea, Socratea exorrhiza, Welfia georgii, Catoblastus aequalis). (…). Fresh fruits edible (Bactris sp., Phytelephas microcarpa, Ammandra sp., Palandra aequatorialis, Aiphanes caryotaefolia, Aiphanes eggersii, Astrocaryum murumuru, Astrocaryum chambira, Astrocaryum standleyanum, Desmoncus sp., Geonoma sp.). (Balslev, H., and A. Barfod 1987: Ecuadorean palms- an overview (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Roofing material. (López-Parodi, J. 1988: The use of palms and other native plants in non-conventional, low cost rural housing in the Peruvian Amazon (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: Starchy fruits. (Vasquez, R., and A.H. Gentry 1989: Use and misuse of forest-harvested fruits in the Iquitos area (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: The albumen of the immature fruits fleshy and is eaten raw. It has a flavor suggesting immature coconut. Leaf pinnae are woven together to make thatch for houses. (Glenboski, L.L. 1983: The Ethnobotany Of The Tukuna Indians (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))
Phytelephas karstenii O.F.Cook: The chief source of the "vegetable ivory" of commerce are the Colombian tagua palms. (...). (...), are used in the manufacture of buttons, inlays, and various small ornamental articles. (Dugand, A. 1961: Palms of Colombia (as Phytelephas karstenii O.F.Cook))
Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.: The thick muricated rind of the fruit is reddish within, tough but may be eaten, flavor of melon or milky cheese; the albumen is drunk while still watery, eaten when fleshy, suggesting immature coconut,(...). (Macbride, J.F. 1960: Flora of Peru Vol. XIII Part 1 Nº 2 (as Phytelephas microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.))

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Other	N/A	Stem	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Other	N/A	Not specified	Indigenous	Shipibo-Conibo	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Not identified	N/A	Peru

Use Category	Use Sub Category	Plant Part	Human Group	Ethnic Group	Country
Other	N/A	Seeds	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Construction	Thatch	Entire leaf	Mestizo	N/A	Peru
Human Food	Food	Fruits	Mestizo	N/A	Peru

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